In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called The Performance-Determining Role of Lewis Bases in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Employing Copper-Bisphenanthroline Redox Mediators, published in 2020-10-07, which mentions a compound: 34302-69-7, mainly applied to copper bisphenanthroline dye sensitized solar cell, Recommanded Product: 2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline hemihydrate.
Copper redox mediators have enabled open-circuit voltages (VOC) of over 1.0 V in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and have helped to establish DSCs as the most promising solar cell technol. in low-light conditions. The addition of additives such as 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) to these electrolytes has helped in achieving high solar cell performances. However, emerging evidence suggests that tBP coordinates to the Cu(II) species and limits the performance of these electrolytes. To date, the implications of this coordination are poorly understood. Here, the importance of Lewis base additives for the successful implementation of copper complexes as redox mediators in DSCs is demonstrated. Two redox couples, [Cu(dmp)2]+/2+ and [Cu(dpp)2]+/2+ (with dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and dpp = 2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) in combination with three different Lewis bases, TFMP (4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine), tBP, and NMBI (1-methyl-benzimidazole), are considered. Through single-crystal X-ray diffraction anal., absorption, and 1H-NMR spectroscopies, the coordination of Lewis bases to the Cu(II) centers are studied. This coordination efficiently suppresses recombination losses and is crucial for high performing solar cells. If, however, the coordination involves a ligand exchange, as is the case for [Cu(dpp)2]+/2+, the redox mediator regeneration at the counter electrode is significantly retarded and the solar cells show current limitations.
In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline hemihydrate)Recommanded Product: 2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline hemihydrate, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(34302-69-7).
Reference:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts