Spectroscopic behavior of anthracene substituted by dicyanovinyl in different positions was written by Wang, Hua;Zhang, Baowen;Cao, Yi;Xu, Li. And the article was included in Huaxue Yanjiu in 1997.Electric Literature of C18H10N2 This article mentions the following:
Two conjugating electron donor-acceptor (D-A) compounds, 2-dicyanovinyl anthracene(2-DCVA) and 9-dicyanovinyl anthracene(9-DCVA), were synthesized and their spectroscopic properties in a series of solvents with different polarity and at different temperatures were studied. The results reveal that both compounds show intramol. charge transfer (ICT) state emission at different polarity of solvents and the fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of 2-DCVA is much higher than that of 9-DCVA, due to that the structure of 2-DCVA is more planar than 9-DCVA. The dipole moment differences between excited states and ground states of the both compounds were estimated by the formula of Bilot-Kawski. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Anthracen-9-ylmethylene)malononitrile (cas: 55490-87-4Electric Literature of C18H10N2).
2-(Anthracen-9-ylmethylene)malononitrile (cas: 55490-87-4) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile compounds can be prepared by the incorporation of a cyanide source through C–C bond formation or by dehydration of primary carboxamides. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Electric Literature of C18H10N2
Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts