Month: February 2023

The comparison of molecular surfaces by neural networks and its applications to quantitative structure activity studies was written by Polanski, Jaroslaw;Gasteiger, Johann;Wagener, Markus;Sadowski, Jens. And the article was included in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in 1998.Application In Synthesis of 3-Amino-4-methoxybenzonitrile This article mentions the following:

Self-organizing Kohonen neural networks are used to obtain quant. structure-activity relationships. Simple mols. were selected to discuss the essential features of the transformation. Descriptors calculated from maps obtained from comparative studies with template mols. applied to the anal. of compounds derived from butane, as well as Et carboxylates and nitroanilines and aminobenzonitriles (sweet-tasting compounds) can be correlated with various mol. effects. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Amino-4-methoxybenzonitrile (cas: 60979-25-1Application In Synthesis of 3-Amino-4-methoxybenzonitrile).

3-Amino-4-methoxybenzonitrile (cas: 60979-25-1) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. Nitriles are susceptible to hydrogenation over diverse metal catalysts. The reaction can afford either the primary amine (RCH2NH2) or the tertiary amine ((RCH2)3N), depending on conditions.Application In Synthesis of 3-Amino-4-methoxybenzonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Silica-sulfuric acid: novel, simple, efficient and reusable catalyst for hydration of nitrile to amide was written by Chandrashekharappa, Sandeep;Venugopala, Katharigatta N.;Venugopala, Rashmi;Odhav, Bharti. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Chemistry in 2016.Reference of 60979-25-1 This article mentions the following:

Silica-sulfuric acid efficiently catalyzes conversion of aliphatic, substituted aromatic and hetero aromatic nitriles to their corresponding amides in good to excellent yields under reflux condition. Products obtained were purified by column chromatog. method and characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and mass spectral anal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Amino-4-methoxybenzonitrile (cas: 60979-25-1Reference of 60979-25-1).

3-Amino-4-methoxybenzonitrile (cas: 60979-25-1) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Reference of 60979-25-1

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

First Gewald reaction ignited by sodium polysulfide: greener ultrasound-promoted synthesis of substituted 2-aminothiophenes in the absence of catalyst was written by Liang, Chengyuan;Lei, Dong;Wang, Xiuzhen;Zhang, Qingqing;Yao, Qizheng. And the article was included in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry in 2013.Name: 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile This article mentions the following:

In this paper, a modified and facile Gewald reaction triggered by sodium polysulfide in the absence of catalytic base was developed. This approach involves a one-pot ultrasound-irritated aqueous reaction between ketones or aldehydes, malononitrile and sodium sulfide [Na₂(S_x)] [sodium polysulfide, sodium sulfide [Na₂(S₄)], sodium sulfide [Na₂(S₆)], sodium sulfide (NaS)]. which are converted into the corresponding 2-aminothiophene derivatives in moderate to high yields. In comparison with conventional methods, the prominent features of this ultrasound-mediated procedure are exptl. simplicity, good functional group tolerance, atom efficiency, and the use of water as a green solvent. The title compounds thus formed included and amine nitrile [2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile] (I) and an analog, 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (II), 2-amino-4-ethyl-3-thiophenecarbonitrile, 2-amino-4-(phenylmethyl)-3-thiophenecarbonitrile. The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, butanal, propanal, hexanal, benzeneacetaldehyde, benzenepropanal as starting materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2Name: 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile).

2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Name: 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Antituberculous compounds. XXII. Monoalkylaminobenzothioamides was written by Kakimoto, Shichiro;Tone, Ikuko. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1965.Safety of 4-(Ethylamino)benzonitrile This article mentions the following:

Several monoalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl derivatives of 4-aminobenzothioamide, and their precursor nitriles were prepared to test the hypothesis that the extinction coefficient, Ε_maximum of the C-N stretching vibration in the ir adsorption spectrum of the parent nitrile parallels the inhibitory action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv in vitro. No conclusions were drawn. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(Ethylamino)benzonitrile (cas: 4714-63-0Safety of 4-(Ethylamino)benzonitrile).

4-(Ethylamino)benzonitrile (cas: 4714-63-0) belongs to nitriles. Nitriles are polar, as indicated by high dipole moments. As liquids, they have high relative permittivities, often in the 30s. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Safety of 4-(Ethylamino)benzonitrile

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of Substituted Quinazolin-4(3H)-imines From Aryldiazonium Salts, Nitriles and 2-Cyanoanilines via A Metal-Free Tandem Approach was written by Ramanathan, Mani;Liu, Yi-Hung;Peng, Shie-Ming;Liu, Shiuh-Tzung. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2017.Recommanded Product: 53312-77-9 This article mentions the following:

A transition metal-free synthesis of multisubstituted quinazolin-4(3H)-imines has been realized by the direct reaction of aryldiazonium salts, nitriles, and 2-cyanoanilines in a one-pot fashion. This strategy utilizes the in situ formation of reactive N-arylnitrilium intermediate, which undergoes further tandem cyclization with consecutive formation of N-C bonds. Broad functional group compatibility, mild conditions, shorter time, and operational simplicity are the notable features of this report. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile (cas: 53312-77-9Recommanded Product: 53312-77-9).

2-Amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile (cas: 53312-77-9) belongs to nitriles. There has been no report on the microbial biosynthesis of nitriles and the physiological function of such enzymes, nor was it not even known whether aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are biological compounds or just petrochemicals. In conventional organic reductions, nitrile is reduced by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride to the amine. Reduction to the imine followed by hydrolysis to the aldehyde takes place in the Stephen aldehyde synthesis, which uses stannous chloride in acid.Recommanded Product: 53312-77-9

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Contribution to our Knowledge of the Terpenes and the Ethereal Oils. 91st Paper. (C) The Behavior of β-Cyclohexylethylamine toward Nitrous Acid was written by Wallach, O.. And the article was included in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie in 1908.SDS of cas: 4435-14-7 This article mentions the following:

(Cf. Ibid.). Cyclohexylacetonitrile, b. 215°, [n]_D¹⁸ 1.4575 prepared from the amide of cyclohexylacetic acid, on reduction, yielded β-cyclohexylethylamine, b. 188-9°, [n]_D¹⁹ 1.4647. With HNO₂, the latter did not form a 7-ring system, but a little cyclohexylethylene, b. 132-7°, and the alcohols C₆H₁₁.CH₂.CH₂OH and. C₆H₁₁.CH(OH).Me, which were separated by oxidation with chromic acid and formation of semicarbazones. In this way, cyclohexylacetaldehyde, semicarbazone, m. 132-4°, and cyclohexylmethylketone, semicarbazone, m. 172-3°, were obtained, while the acids formed in the oxidation were found to be cyclohexylacetic and adipic acids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Cyclohexylacetonitrile (cas: 4435-14-7SDS of cas: 4435-14-7).

2-Cyclohexylacetonitrile (cas: 4435-14-7) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. Asymmetric bioreduction of nitriles is an attractive route to produce optically active nitriles as current metal-catalyzed hydrogenations tend to have low reactivity.SDS of cas: 4435-14-7

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

One-pot synthesis of secondary amines from alcohols and nitroarenes on TiO₂ loaded with Pd nanoparticles under UV irradiation was written by Selvam, Kaliyamoorthy;Sakamoto, Hirokatsu;Shiraishi, Yasuhiro;Hirai, Takayuki. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2015.Product Details of 10282-32-3 This article mentions the following:

Photoirradiation (λ > 300 nm) of TiO₂ loaded with Pd nanoparticles (2%, ∼5 nm diameter) in water containing benzyl alc. and nitrobenzene at room temperature successfully produces the corresponding secondary amine (N-benzylaniline) with 96% yield. This is achieved via three consecutive catalytic reactions: (i) photocatalytic oxidation of alc. (aldehyde formation) and reduction of nitrobenzene (aniline formation); (ii) catalytic condensation of the formed aldehyde with aniline on the TiO₂ surface (imine formation); and, (iii) photocatalytic hydrogenation of the formed imine (secondary amine formation). This catalytic system successfully produces several kinds of secondary amines, even those containing reducible substituents such as -CN, -COOH, or -CHO with >76% yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(Benzylamino)benzonitrile (cas: 10282-32-3Product Details of 10282-32-3).

4-(Benzylamino)benzonitrile (cas: 10282-32-3) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile compounds can be prepared by the incorporation of a cyanide source through C–C bond formation or by dehydration of primary carboxamides. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Product Details of 10282-32-3

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of 4-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acids was written by Lalezari, Iradj. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1979.Recommanded Product: 70291-62-2 This article mentions the following:

The title compounds I [R = R¹ = Me or RR¹ = (CH₂)_n, n = 3,4,5] were prepared in ∼80% yields by condensing 2-amino-3-cyanothiophenes with Et 3-aminocrotonate in the presence of p-MeC₆H₄SO₃H, EtONa-catalyzed cyclization of the resulting II, and hydrolysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2Recommanded Product: 70291-62-2).

2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (cas: 70291-62-2) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile carbon shifts are in the range of 115–125 ppm whereas in isonitriles the shifts are around 155–165 ppm. In addition, Nitriles can react with alkynes, which leads to an increase in carbon chain length (carbocyanation).Recommanded Product: 70291-62-2

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

4-(Tetrazolylalkyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acids. Potent and selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonists with a short duration of action was written by Ornstein, Paul L.;Schoepp, Darryle D.;Arnold, M. Brian;Leander, J. David;Lodge, David;Paschal, Jonathan W.;Elzey, Tom. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1991.Formula: C7H6N2O This article mentions the following:

A series of trans– and cis-4-(tetrazolylalkyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acids I (R = H, Me) and II (n = 1, R = H, Me; n = 2-4, R = H) as potent and selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists were prepared and evaluated in vitro in both receptor binding assays and in a cortical-wedge preparation to determine affinity, potency, and selectivity. The new amino acids were also evaluated in vivo for their ability to block NMDA-induced convulsions in neonatal rats and NMDA-induced lethality in mice. The most potent compound of this series was I (R = H). I (R = H) blocked both NMDA-induced convulsions in neonatal rats and NMDA-induced lethality in mice. This is the first example of an NMDA receptor antagonist that incorporates a tetrazole moiety as an ω-acid bioisostere. These amino acid antagonists are also unique from their phosphonic acid counterparts in that they have a shorter duration of action in vivo. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-methoxypicolinonitrile (cas: 36057-44-0Formula: C7H6N2O).

4-methoxypicolinonitrile (cas: 36057-44-0) belongs to nitriles. Trimerization of aromatic nitriles requires harsh reaction conditions, high temperatures, long reaction times, and pressure. Asymmetric bioreduction of nitriles is an attractive route to produce optically active nitriles as current metal-catalyzed hydrogenations tend to have low reactivity.Formula: C7H6N2O

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts

Spectrographic method for the detection of active methylene groups and synthesis of several styrene and stilbene derivatives. VI. Amino derivatives of phenylacetonitrile was written by Boyer, Jacqueline;Bruylants, Albert. And the article was included in Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France in 1958.Product Details of 67197-53-9 This article mentions the following:

The reactivity of m- and p-amino derivatives of PhCH₂CN in condensations with BzH and its p-NMe₂ derivative decreases with decreasing acidity of the CH₂CN group. The order of acidity produced by the following substituents in PhCH₂CN, as determined by comparison of spectra in EtOH and EtONa, is: H ∼ p-Me₃NI ∼ m-Me₃NI ≫ p-NH₂ > m-NH₂ > p-Me₂N ≫ m-Me₂N. Changes in spectra with time in EtONa show that the ionization of the last four of these is slow. The m- and p-NH₂ derivatives react with BzH and p-Me₂NC₆H₄CHO to yield principally the azomethines, but the other compounds give high yields of α-cyanostilbenes after 40 hrs. in alc. EtONa. The following cyanostilbenes, XC₆H₄C(CN):CHC₆H₄Y, were obtained (X, Y, yield, and m.p. are given): p-Me₃NI, H, 85, 175-98° (geometric isomers); p-Me₃NI, p-NMe₂, 87, 195-6.5°; p-Me₂N, H, 87, 136-7°; p-Me₂N, p-NMe₂, 85, 196-7.5°; m-Me₃NI, H, 88, 172-97° (geometric isomers); m-Me₃NI, p-NMe₂, 92, 161-2°; m-Me₂N, H, 90, -; m-Me₂N, p-NMe₂, 88, 117-208°. The p-H₂NC₆H₄CH₂CN and its m-isomer, b₈ 179-80° (HCl salt, m. 199-201°), were prepared by reduction of the corresponding nitro compounds with SnCl₂, quaternized with MeI to the p-Me₃NI, m. 167-8°, and m-Me₃NI, m. 173-4°, derivatives resp., and these were demethylated to p-Me₂NC₆H₄CH₂CN, m. 53.5-55°, and its m-isomer, m. 173-4°, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2,6-Dibromophenyl)acetonitrile (cas: 67197-53-9Product Details of 67197-53-9).

2-(2,6-Dibromophenyl)acetonitrile (cas: 67197-53-9) belongs to nitriles. The R-C-N bond angle in and nitrile is 180° which give a nitrile functional group a linear shape. Both the carbon and the nitrogen are sp hydridized which leaves them both with two p orbitals which overlap to form the two π bond in the triple bond. Alkyl nitriles are sufficiently acidic to undergo deprotonation of the C-H bond adjacent to the CN group.Strong bases are required, such as lithium diisopropylamide and butyl lithium. The product is referred to as a nitrile anion. Product Details of 67197-53-9

Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts