Studies on monolayers. 1. Surface tension and absorption spectroscopic measurements of monolayers of surface-active azo and stilbene dyes was written by Heesemann, Juergen. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1980.Formula: C8H6N2O2 This article mentions the following:
In order to develop new mols. as functional components of monolayer assemblies a series of 9 surface-active azo and stilbene compounds were synthesized. Their monolayer properties at the air-water interface were studied by surface pressure-surface area measurements and spectroscopic techniques. Small changes in the mol. structure of the surfactants (such as length of the fatty acid chain, type of the chromophore, etc.) have an immense influence on the monolayer properties. For monolayers of some of the dyes, van der Waals-like isotherms are obtained, which show a liquid expanded state, a phase transition region, and a condensed state. Monolayer absorbance spectra show that in the liquid expanded state at 100-110 Å2/mol. the chromophores lie flatly on the water surface, forming monomers. Surface absorbance-surface area isotherms show that the phase transition region of the isotherms can be assigned to a change of orientation of the chromophore axis (horizontal → vertical) and an aggregation of the chromophores (monomers → H aggregates). High dichroic and narrow absorbance bands are observed for condensed films of several dyes, which are assigned to H aggregates (planar pincushion-like arrangement of the chromophores). By means of mol. models several mol. arrangements are discussed which are consistent with the exptl. results. Numerous synthetic intermediates are included in the present paper. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile (cas: 64113-86-6Formula: C8H6N2O2).
5-Methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile (cas: 64113-86-6) belongs to nitriles. Nitrile function is a very important functional group because it can be manipulated to other functional groups such as carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or amine by reduction, respectively. Alkyl nitriles are sufficiently acidic to undergo deprotonation of the C-H bond adjacent to the CN group.Strong bases are required, such as lithium diisopropylamide and butyl lithium. The product is referred to as a nitrile anion. Formula: C8H6N2O2
Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts