Fleckenstein, Christoph A. published the artcile9-Fluorenylphosphines for the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira, Suzuki, and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reactions in organic solvents and water, Product Details of C11H12N2O, the main research area is fluorenylphosphine phosphine catalyst Sonogashira Suzuki Buchwald Hartwig coupling reaction.
The lithiation/alkylation of fluorene leads to various 9-alkylfluorenes (alkyl = Me, Et, iPr, Pr, C18H25) in >95% yields, for which lithiation and reaction with R2PCl (R = Cy, iPr, tBu) generates 9-alkyl, 9-PR2-fluorenes which constitute electron-rich and bulky phosphine ligands. The in-situ-formed palladium-phosphine complexes ([Na2PdCl4], phosphonium salt, base, substrates) were tested in the Sonogashira, Suzuki, and Buchwald-Hartwig reactions of aryl chlorides and aryl bromides in organic solvents. The Sonogashira coupling of aryl chlorides at 100-120° leads to >90% yields with 1 mol% of Pd catalyst. The Suzuki coupling of aryl chlorides typically requires 0.05 mol% of Pd catalyst at 100° in dioxane for quant. product formation. To carry out “”green”” cross-coupling reactions in water, 9-ethylfluorenyldicyclohexylphosphine was reacted in sulfuric acid to generate the resp. 2-sulfonated phosphonium salt. The Suzuki coupling of activated aryl chlorides by using this water-soluble catalyst requires only 0.01 mol% of Pd catalyst, while a wide range of aryl chlorides can be quant. converted into the resp. coupling products by using 0.1-0.5 mol% of catalyst in pure water at 100°C. Difficult substrate combinations, such as naphthylboronic acid or 3-pyridylboronic acid and aryl chlorides are coupled at 100° by using 0.1-0.5 mol% of catalyst in pure water to obtain the resp. N-heterocycles in quant. yields. The copper-free aqueous Sonogashira coupling of aryl bromides generates the resp. tolane derivatives in >95% yield.
Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about Alkynes Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 204078-32-0 belongs to class nitriles-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Morpholinobenzonitrile, and the molecular formula is C11H12N2O, Product Details of C11H12N2O.
Referemce:
Nitrile – Wikipedia,
Nitriles – Chemistry LibreTexts