Application of 619-72-7, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 619-72-7, Name is 4-Nitrobenzonitrile, SMILES is C1=CC(=CC=C1[N+](=O)[O-])C#N, belongs to nitriles-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Ra, Jiwoon, introduce new discover of the category.
Occurrence and transformation of gabapentin in urban water quality engineering: Rapid formation of nitrile from amine during drinking water chlorination
The occurrence and fate of the popular pharmaceutical gabapentin (GBP) in the urban water cycle were investigated with a focus on its transformation during water chlorination. GBP was detected in all samples with average concentrations of 1285 ng/L (n = 24) for wastewater effluent, 304 ng/L for river water (n = 22), and 180 ng/L for drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) influent (n = 4). The monitoring sites were located in the Nakdong River watershed, Korea. GBP was rapidly (within 20 min) transformed into 1-cyanocyclohexylacetic acid (GBP-nitrile) under typical chlorination conditions (1.4 mgCl(2)/L). When there was a molar excess of chlorine to GBP, the primary amine of GBP was double-chlorinated to form N-Cl-2 GBP with a second-order rate constant of >10(3) M-1 s(-1). Decomposition of N-Cl-2 GBP had a first-order rate constant of (0.5-1.0) x 10(-2) s(-1) and produced GBP-nitrile with a yield of 87%-10 0%. We propose that N-Cl-2 GBP is transformed into N-Cl GBP imine and then to GBP-nitrile via two consecutive dehydrochlorinations with the former as the rate-limiting step. N-Cl-2 GBP had a much higher decom-position rate than N-Cl-2 produced from other simple aliphatic amines, which could be related to the structural features of GBP such as its carboxyl group and quaternary b-carbon. The wastewater effluent samples did not contain GBP-nitrile even in the chlorinated effluent because of the relatively low chlorine dose or high ammonia level. In a full-scale DWTP employing a pre-chlorination unit, GBP present in the influent river water was fully transformed into GBP-nitrile. The formed GBP-nitrile was degraded in subsequent ozonation (*OH oxidation) and biological activated carbon filtration (biodegradation) processes. The toxicity of GBP-nitrile is thought to be low but further studies are warranted to assess the toxicological relevance of nitrile formation during water chlorination. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Application of 619-72-7, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 619-72-7 is helpful to your research.